Amakuru

Kurinda Surge, byitwa kandi kurinda inkuba, ni igikoresho cya elegitoronike gitanga umutekano wibikoresho bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho, numurongo witumanaho. umurinzi arashobora kwitwara no guhungabana mugihe gito cyane, kugirango abuze ubwiyongere bwangiza ibindi bikoresho mumuzunguruko. Icyuho cyibanze cyo gusohora (nanone kizwi nkicyuho cyo kurinda): Mubusanzwe kigizwe ninkoni ebyiri zicyuma zerekanwa nikirere hamwe icyuho runaka hagati yabo, kimwe muricyo gihuza umurongo w'amashanyarazi L1 cyangwa umurongo utabogamye (N) wigikoresho gikenewe cyo gukingirwa Uhujwe, indi nkoni yicyuma ihujwe ninsinga (PE). Iyo umuvuduko ukabije wikubise mukanya, icyuho kiracika, kandi igice cyumubyigano mwinshi cyinjizwa mubutaka, wirinda kwiyongera kwamashanyarazi kubikoresho bikingiwe. Intera iri hagati yinkoni ebyiri zicyuma mumwanya wo gusohora irashobora guhinduka nkuko bisabwa , kandi imiterere iroroshye, ariko ibibi nuko arc kuzimya arc ari mibi.Icyuho cyo gusohora neza ni icyuho. Igikorwa cyacyo cyo kuzimya arc kiruta icyambere. Yishingikiriza kumashanyarazi F yumuzunguruko ningaruka zizamuka ryumuyaga ushyushye kugirango uzimye arc.
Umuyoboro wa gazi ugizwe na plaque ya cathode ikonje itandukanijwe kandi igashyirwa mumirahuri yikirahure cyangwa ceramic yuzuye gaze ya inert (Ar) .Mu rwego rwo kunoza uburyo bwo gukurura imyanda isohoka, harahari umufasha utera imbaraga mumyanda isohoka.Iyi miyoboro yuzuye gaze ifite ubwoko bubiri bwa pole nubwoko butatu. Ibipimo bya tekinike ya gaz isohora gaze harimo: DC isohora voltage Udc; impulse isohora voltage Hejuru (mubisanzwe Up≈ (2 ～ 3) Udc; inshuro zumuriro Muri In; ingaruka hamwe na Ip iriho; kurwanya insulasiyo R (> 109Ω); Umuyoboro wogusohora urashobora gukoreshwa mubihe byombi bya DC na AC.Utc yatoranijwe ya DC ya voltage Udc nuburyo bukurikira: Koresha mubihe bya DC: Udc≥1.8U0 (U0 ni voltage ya DC kumikorere isanzwe) Koresha mubihe bya AC: U dc≥ 1.44Un (Un nigiciro cyingirakamaro cya AC voltage kumikorere isanzwe) Varistor ishingiye kuri ZnO Nkibice byingenzi bigize icyuma cya oxyde semiconductor kitari umurongo, iyo voltage ikoreshwa kumpera zayo igera ku gaciro runaka, kurwanywa byunvikana cyane kuri voltage. Ihame ryakazi ryayo rihwanye nurukurikirane hamwe no guhuza ibice byinshi bya semiconductor PNs. ubushobozi (~ 2KA / cm2), kumeneka bisanzwe imyaka iriho (10-7 ～ 10-6A), imbaraga nke zisigaye (bitewe nakazi ka voltage ya varistor nubushobozi bwubu), igihe cyo gusubiza byihuse kuri overvoltage yigihe gito (~ 10-8s), nta bwisanzure. Ibipimo bya tekiniki ya varistor harimo cyane cyane: varistor voltage (ni ukuvuga guhinduranya voltage) UN, voltage voltage Ulma; amashanyarazi asigaye Ures; igipimo cya voltage gisigaye K (K = Ures / UN); ubushobozi ntarengwa bwa Imax; imiyoboro yamenetse; igihe cyo gusubiza. Imikoreshereze yimiterere ya varistor ni: voltage ya varistor: UN≥ munsi ya DC) Ulma ≥ (2.2 ~ 2.5) Uac (ikoreshwa mubihe bya AC, Uac ni AC ikora voltage) Umuvuduko ntarengwa wa varistor ugomba kugenwa na voltage ihagaze yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki birinzwe, hamwe na voltage isigaye ya varistor igomba kuba munsi yurwego rwigihombo cyurwego rwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki birinzwe, aribyo (Ulma) max≤Ub / K, formula K yavuzwe haruguru ni igipimo cya voltage gisigaye, Ub ni igihombo cya voltage yibikoresho bikingiwe.
Diode ya suppressor diode Suppressor diode ifite imikorere yo gufunga no kugabanya voltage. Ikora mubice bisubira inyuma. Kuberako imbaraga za clamping nkeya hamwe nigisubizo cyihuse cyibikorwa, birakwiriye cyane cyane kurwego rwanyuma rwo kurinda murwego rwinshi rwo kurinda. element.Ibintu bya volt-ampere biranga diode yo guhagarika muri zone yo gusenyuka birashobora kugaragazwa na formula ikurikira: I = CUα, aho α ni coefficient idafite umurongo, kuri diode ya Zener α = 7 ～ 9, muri diode ya avalanche α = 5 ～ 7. Diode yo guhagarika Ibyingenzi byingenzi bya tekiniki ni: ⑴ Ikigereranyo cya voltage yamenetse, yerekeza kumashanyarazi munsi yumurongo wateganijwe (mubisanzwe lma). Kubijyanye na diode ya Zener, igipimo cya breakdown yamashanyarazi muri rusange kiri murwego rwa 2.9V ～ 4.7V, Naho kugabanuka kumashanyarazi ya diode ya avalanche akenshi iba iri hagati ya 5.6V kugeza 200V. voltage igaragara kumpande zombi zumuyoboro mugihe umuyoboro munini wa feri ya feri yarenganye. munsi yumurongo wateganijwe (nka 10 / 1000μs) .⑷Reverse de voltage de voltage: Yerekeza kuri voltage ntarengwa ishobora gukoreshwa kumpande zombi zumuyoboro mugace kanyerera, kandi umuyoboro ntugomba kumeneka munsi yuyu muvuduko. .Iyi voltage yimyanya ihindagurika igomba kuba hejuru cyane kurenza imbaraga zumubyigano wa sisitemu ya elegitoroniki ikingiwe, ni ukuvuga ko idashobora kuba mumashanyarazi idakomeye mugihe sisitemu ikora mubisanzwe. ntarengwa ihindagurika ihindagurika muri tari munsi yigikorwa cya voltage yimuka.⑹Igisubizo cyo gusubiza: 10-11s Igiceri cya Choke Igiceri ni uburyo busanzwe bwo guhagarika ibikoresho hamwe na ferrite nkibyingenzi. Igizwe na coil ebyiri zingana kandi numubare umwe uhinduranya bikomeretsa kuri ferrite imwe Igikoresho cya terefone enye gikozwe mumubiri wa toroidal, gifite ingaruka zo gukandamiza inductance nini yuburyo busanzwe. ikimenyetso, ariko ntigifite ingaruka nke kuri inductance ntoya yerekana uburyo butandukanye. Gukoresha ibishishwa bya choke mumirongo iringaniye birashobora guhagarika neza ibimenyetso bisanzwe byoguhuza (nkumurabyo wumurabyo) bitabangamiye ihererekanyabubasha ryibimenyetso bitandukanye kuri umurongo. Igiceri cya choke kigomba kuba cyujuje ibi bikurikira mugihe cyo kubyara: 1) Intsinga zomugozi kuri coil zigomba gukingirwa hagati yazo kugirango harebwe ko ntagabanuka ryumuzunguruko rigufi hagati yizunguruka rya coil munsi yumuriro ukabije. ) coil kugirango wirinde gusenyuka hagati yabyo munsi ya overvoltage yinzibacyuho.4) Igiceri kigomba gukomeretsa murwego rumwe rushoboka. Ibi birashobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwa parasitike ya coil kandi bikongerera ubushobozi coil kwihanganira umuvuduko ukabije.1 / 4 igikoresho kigufi cyumuzunguruko 1/4-umurambararo mugufi ni umuzenguruko wa microwave ukingira wakozwe ukurikije isesengura ryumurabyo. imiraba hamwe na tewolojiya ihagaze ya antenna na federasiyo. Uburebure bwicyuma kigufi-cyumuzunguruko muri iyi protekeri gishingiye ku kimenyetso cyakazi Inshuro (nka 900MHZ cyangwa 1800MHZ) igenwa nubunini bwa 1/4 cyumurambararo. Uburebure bwikigereranyo kibangikanye gifite inzitizi zitagira umupaka kuri inshuro zerekana ibimenyetso byakazi, bihwanye numuzunguruko ufunguye kandi ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yikimenyetso. Nyamara, kumuraba wumurabyo, kubera ko ingufu zumurabyo zigabanywa cyane cyane munsi ya n + KHZ, aka kabari kagufi Inzitizi yumurabyo ni nto cyane, ihwanye numuzunguruko mugufi, kandi urwego rwumurabyo rusohoka mubutaka. Kuva aho umurambararo wa 1/4-uburebure bwumurongo muto-muri rusange ni milimetero nkeya, ingaruka zo guhangana nubu ni nziza, zishobora kugera kuri 30KA (8 / 20μs), kandi voltage isigaye ni nto cyane. Umuvuduko wa voltage usigaye uterwa ahanini na inductance ya bar-bigufi. Ikibi ni uko umurongo wumurongo wumurongo ugereranije, kandi umurongo wa 2% kugeza 20%. Ikindi kibura ni uko bidashoboka kongeramo kubogama kwa DC kubikoresho bya antenna, bigabanya porogaramu zimwe.

Kurinda ibyiciro birinda kurinda (bizwi kandi ko bikingira inkuba) kurinda ibyiciro Kuberako imbaraga zumurabyo ari nini cyane, birakenewe ko buhoro buhoro dusohora ingufu zumurabyo kwisi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusohora ibyiciro.Umurabyo wo murwego rwa mbere igikoresho cyo gukingira gishobora gusohora imirabyo itaziguye, cyangwa gusohora ingufu nini zakozwe mugihe umurongo wohereza amashanyarazi ukubiswe numurabyo. Ahantu hashobora gukubitwa inkuba, CLASS-I igomba gukingirwa.Icyuma cyo murwego rwa kabiri cyo gukingira inkuba nigikoresho cyo gukingira voltage isigaye yibikoresho byo gukingira urwego rwimbere hamwe no gukubita inkuba muri kariya gace . Iyo inkuba yo murwego rwohejuru ikubise ingufu zibaho, haracyari igice cyibikoresho cyangwa igikoresho cyo murwego rwa gatatu. Nimbaraga nini cyane zizoherezwa, kandi zigomba kurushaho kwinjizwa nigikoresho cyo murwego rwa kabiri cyo gukingira inkuba.Mu gihe kimwe, umurongo wohereza unyuze mu gikoresho cyo mu rwego rwa mbere urinda inkuba nawo uzatera inkuba amashanyarazi ya elegitoroniki ya LEMP. Iyo umurongo ari muremure bihagije, ingufu zumurabyo zatewe ziba nini bihagije, kandi igikoresho cyo murwego rwa kabiri kirinda inkuba kugirango gishobore gukomeza gusohora ingufu zumurabyo. Igikoresho cyo murwego rwa gatatu kirinda inkuba kirinda LEMP nimbaraga zisigaye zinyura igikoresho cya kabiri cyo kurinda inkuba.Intego yurwego rwa mbere rwo kurinda ni ukurinda umuyaga mwinshi uturuka muri zone ya LPZ0 ukinjira muri zone ya LPZ1, no kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije wibihumbi icumi kugeza ku bihumbi magana. volt kuri 2500-3000V.Ibikoresho byo gukingira amashanyarazi byashyizwe kuruhande rwa voltage ntoya ya home power transformer bigomba kuba ibyiciro bitatu bya voltage switch-ubwoko bwa power surge protector nkurwego rwa mbere rwo kurinda, kandi umuvuduko wacyo wumurabyo ntugomba kuba munsi ya 60KA.Urwo rwego rwingufu zo gukingira rugomba kuba imbaraga nini-nini yo gukingira amashanyarazi ihuza buri cyiciro cyumurongo winjira wumurongo wamashanyarazi s ystem hamwe nubutaka. Birasabwa muri rusange ko urwego rwingufu zokwirinda rufite imbaraga ntarengwa zirenga 100KA kuri buri cyiciro, kandi ingufu zisabwa zikaba ziri munsi ya 1500V, ibyo bikaba byitwa CLASS I power surge protector.Iyi nkuba ya electromagnetic ibikoresho byo gukingira byateguwe byumwihariko kugirango bihangane n’umurabyo munini wumurabyo hamwe ninkuba iterwa no gukurura ingufu nyinshi, zishobora guhungabanya ingufu nyinshi zokwiruka hasi.Bitanga gusa urwego ruciriritse (voltage nini igaragara kuri kuri umurongo iyo impulse ihindagurika inyuze mumashanyarazi ya surge yitwa limite voltage), kuberako abarinzi ba CLASS I bakurura cyane imigezi minini. Ntibashobora kurinda byimazeyo ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byoroshye muri sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi.Umufata wumurabyo wo murwego rwa mbere arashobora gukumira 10 / 350μs, 100KA yumurabyo, kandi akagera kurwego rwo hejuru rwo kurinda rwateganijwe na IEC. Ubuhanga bwa tekiniki ni: umuvuduko wumurabyo irarenze cyangwa ingana na 100KA (10 / 350μs); agaciro ka voltage gasigaye ntabwo karenze 2.5KV; igihe cyo gusubiza kiri munsi cyangwa kingana na 100ns.Intego yurwego rwa kabiri rwo kurinda ni ukongera kugabanya agaciro k’umuvuduko wa voltage usigaye unyura murwego rwa mbere rwumurabyo ukagera kuri 1500-2000V, hanyuma ugashyira mubikorwa ibikoresho bya LPZ1- LPZ2.Ingufu zokwirinda ingufu zituruka kumasoko yinama y'abaminisitiri zigomba kuba imbaraga zo kugabanya ingufu za voltage zigabanya ingufu nkurwego rwa kabiri rwo kurinda, kandi ubushobozi bwumurabyo wabwo ntibugomba kuba munsi ya 20KA. Igomba gushyirwaho mugutanga ingufu kubikoresho byamashanyarazi byingenzi cyangwa byoroshye. Ibiro bishinzwe gukwirakwiza umuhanda. Aba bafata amashanyarazi barashobora gufata neza ingufu zisigara zisigaye zanyuze mubatwara amashanyarazi ku bwinjiriro bw’amashanyarazi, kandi zikagira uburyo bwiza bwo guhagarika amashanyarazi arenze urugero. ya 45kA cyangwa irenga kuri buri cyiciro, kandi ingufu zisabwa zigomba kuba munsi ya 1200V. Yitwa CLASS Ⅱ power surge protector. Sisitemu rusange yo gukoresha amashanyarazi irashobora kugera kurwego rwa kabiri kurinda kugirango ihuze ibisabwa nigikorwa cyibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Urwego rwa kabiri rutanga amashanyarazi inkuba ifata C-ikingira kurinda icyiciro-hagati, icyiciro-isi hamwe nubutaka bwo hagati burinda uburyo bwuzuye, cyane cyane ibipimo bya tekiniki ni: ubushobozi bwumurabyo burenze cyangwa bungana na 40KA (8 / 20μs); ibisigisigi bya voltage isigaye agaciro karenze 1000V; igihe cyo gusubiza ntabwo kirenze 25ns.

Intego y'urwego rwa gatatu rwo kurinda nuburyo bukomeye bwo kurinda ibikoresho, kugabanya agaciro ka voltage isigaye ya voltage kugeza munsi ya 1000V, kugirango ingufu zidasanzwe zidashobora kwangiza ibikoresho. Kurinda amashanyarazi byashyizwe kumpera yinjira ya AC itanga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigomba kuba urukurikirane rwumubyigano wamashanyarazi urinda urwego nkurwego rwa gatatu rwo kurinda, kandi ubushobozi bwumurabyo wabwo ntibugomba kuba munsi ya 10KA.Umurongo wanyuma wo kwirwanaho urashobora gukoresha imbaraga zubatswe. gufata umurabyo mumashanyarazi yimbere mubikoresho byamashanyarazi kugirango agere ku ntego yo kurandura burundu uturemangingo duto duto cyane.Umurinzi wamashanyarazi ukoreshwa hano bisaba ubushobozi bwingaruka zingana na 20KA cyangwa munsi yicyiciro, kandi ingufu zisabwa zigomba kuba munsi ya 1000V.Ku bikoresho bimwe byingenzi cyangwa byoroshye ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, birakenewe kugira urwego rwa gatatu rwo kurinda, kandi birashobora al urinde rero ibikoresho byamashanyarazi kurenga ingufu zinzibacyuho zibyara imbere muri sisitemu.Ku mashanyarazi akosora akoreshwa mubikoresho byitumanaho rya microwave, ibikoresho byitumanaho rya terefone igendanwa nibikoresho bya radar, birasabwa guhitamo amashanyarazi yumuriro wa DC uhuza na voltage ikora nkuko uburinzi bwa nyuma ukurikije ibikenerwa byo gukingira imbaraga za voltage ikora.Urwego rwa kane no hejuru yo kurinda rushingiye kurwego rwo guhangana na voltage yibikoresho birinzwe. Niba urwego rwombi rwo kurinda inkuba rushobora kugabanya voltage kuba munsi yurwego rwa stand ya voltage yibikoresho, birakenewe gusa ibyiciro bibiri byo kurinda. Niba ibikoresho bifite urwego rwo hasi rwihanganira voltage, Gicurasi birasaba urwego rwinshi cyangwa rwinshi kurinda.Ubushobozi bwumurabyo bwo kurinda urwego rwa kane ntibugomba kuba munsi ya 5KA. [3] Ihame ryakazi ryo gutondekanya abarinzi ba surge bigabanyijemo ⒈ guhinduranya ubwoko: ihame ryakazi ryayo nuko iyo hatabayeho gukabya guhita, byerekana inzitizi ikomeye, ariko iyo isubije inkuba irenze urugero, impedance yayo ihinduka gitunguranye kuri a agaciro gake, kwemerera inkuba Ibiriho.Iyo ikoreshwa nkibikoresho nkibi, ibikoresho birimo: icyuho cyo gusohora, umuyoboro wa gazi, thyristor, nibindi .⒉Ubwoko bugabanya umuvuduko: Ihame ryakazi ni ukurwanya gukabije mugihe nta muvuduko ukabije uhita, ariko hamwe na kwiyongera kwa surge ya voltage na voltage, impedance yayo izakomeza kugabanuka, kandi ibiranga-voltage birasa cyane bidafite umurongo.Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mubikoresho nkibi ni: okiside ya zinc, varistors, diode suppressor, diode ya avalanche, nibindi. Ubwoko bwa Shunt cyangwa ubwoko bwa choke ubwoko bwa shunt: buhujwe hamwe nibikoresho bikingiwe, burerekana impedance nkeya kumurabyo, kandi bugaragaza inzitizi ikomeye kuri op isanzwe gusiba inshuro , 1/4 cyumurongo wibikoresho bigufi byumuzunguruko, nibindi.

Ukurikije intego (1) Kurinda ingufu: Kurinda ingufu za AC, DC irinda amashanyarazi, guhinduranya amashanyarazi, nibindi. Module yo gukingira amashanyarazi ikwiranye no gukingira ingufu ibyumba byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, akabati ko gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, akabati, AC na DC ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi, nibindi.; Hano hari udusanduku twinjiza amashanyarazi agasanduku k'inyubako, hamwe no kubaka amashanyarazi agasanduku; amashanyarazi yumuriro Kurinda bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi mato (220 / 380VAC) amashanyarazi yinganda ninganda zamashanyarazi; muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mubyiciro bitatu byinjiza cyangwa bisohoka mumashanyarazi atangwa mubyumba bikuru bigenzura icyumba cyo gutangiza no gusimbuza.Birakwiriye muburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga amashanyarazi ya DC, nka: DC ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi ; DC ibikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi; DC gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi; sisitemu yamakuru ya elegitoronike; isohoka rya terefone yububiko bwa kabiri bwo gutanga amashanyarazi. ROUTER nibindi bikoresho byurusobekerane inkuba hamwe numurabyo wa electromagnetic pulse itera gukabya gukabije; · Umuyoboro wicyumba cyumuyoboro urinda; · Kurinda icyumba cya seriveri kurinda; · Icyumba cy'urusobe ibindi Kurinda ibikoresho bifite interineti; · 24-icyambu gikomatanyije gikingira agasanduku gakoreshwa cyane cyane mukurinda hagati kurinda imiyoboro myinshi yerekana ibimenyetso mumashanyarazi hamwe nu kabari. Abashinzwe kurinda ibimenyetso. Amashusho yerekana ibimenyetso byumurabyo bikoreshwa cyane cyane mubikoresho byerekana amashusho. Kurinda gukorana birashobora kurinda ubwoko bwose bwibikoresho byoherejwe na videwo ingaruka ziterwa no gukubitwa n’umurabyo hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’umurongo wohereza ibimenyetso, kandi biranakoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza RF munsi ya voltage imwe ikora. agasanduku k'uburinzi gakoreshwa cyane cyane kurinda ibikoresho bigenzurwa nka disiki ya disiki ya disiki ya disiki hamwe na kode ya videwo muri guverinoma ishinzwe kugenzura.